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- Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725 - 1805)
- Bacchante
- France
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- Date: Probably 1780s
- Object Type: Painting
- Medium: Oil on canvas
- Image size: 45.7 x 37.3 cm
- Inv: P407
- Location: Boudoir
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- Description
- Provenance
- Further Reading
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- Like many painters, Greuze had produced studies of individual heads as drawings and in oil from early in his career. Some of them were nature studies, others specifically prepared figures in his larger narrative paintings. From the late 1770s, these 'expressive heads' developed into a separate genre, often erotically charged, and into a main field of his activities. Greuze's heads exist in large numbers, and he developed them more systematically after he had fallen out with the Academy. Many of them were executed by studio members, and there are general questions of attribution concerning the group.
Greuze expressed his period’s interest in strong emotions and sentiments. Expressive heads had a long tradition in France, starting from the teachings of Charles Lebrun who, in 1668, had proposed to codify the expression of specific passions in an Academy lecture. His teachings were published in 1698. Many of Greuze's heads directly refer to Lebrun's models, others develop expressions independently. This painting follows Lebrun's 'Rapture'.
This painting links a head study with a mythological subject. The woman is a Bacchante, or female devotee of Bacchus the god of wine, identifiable by her crown of vine leaves, swirling drapery and general air of abandonment. The loose painterly style suggests that the picture might have been painted in the 1780s. The girl’s pose recurs in 'L’Innocence entraînée par les Amours' (by 1786; Paris, Musée du Louvre). The cleaning of the painting in 2009 has revealed its great painterly quality. The composition exists in many versions.
- Like many painters, Greuze had produced studies of individual heads as drawings and in oil from early in his career. Some of them were nature studies, others specifically prepared figures in his larger narrative paintings. From the late 1770s, these 'expressive heads' developed into a separate genre, often erotically charged, and into a main field of his activities. Greuze's heads exist in large numbers, and he developed them more systematically after he had fallen out with the Academy. Many of them were executed by studio members, and there are general questions of attribution concerning the group.